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Sem napište komentářIt was only after the partition of Poland that Russia began to play a great part in Europe. To Louis Vuitton Outlet Store such statesmen as she had then that act of brigandage must have appeared inspired by great political wisdom. The King of Prussia, Kate Spade New York faithful to the ruling principle of his life, wished simply to aggrandise his dominions at a much smaller cost and at much Nike Shoes On Sale less risk than he could have done in any other direction; for at that time Poland was perfectly defenceless from a material Kate Spade Outlet point of view, and more than ever, perhaps, inclined to put its faith in humanitarian illusions. Morally, the Republic was in a new balance outlet state of ferment and consequent weakness, which so often accompanies the period of social reform. The strength arrayed against her was just http://www.christianlouboutinoutletwow.com then overwhelming; I mean the comparatively honest (because open) strength of armed forces. But, probably from innate inclination towards treachery, Frederick of michael kors outlet Prussia selected for himself the part of falsehood and deception. Appearing on the scene in the character of a friend he entered louis vuitton handbags deliberately into a treaty of alliance with the Republic, and then, before the ink was dry, tore it up in brazen defiance http://www.michaelkorshandbags-2014.com of the commonest decency, which must have been extremely gratifying to his natural tastes.

As to Austria, it shed diplomatic tears over the Coach Outlet Store Online transaction. They cannot be called crocodile tears, insomuch that they were in a measure sincere. They arose from a vivid perception that christian louboutin outlet Austria��s allotted share of the spoil could never compensate her for the accession of strength and territory to the other two Powers. Coach Outlet Store Austria did not really want an extension of territory at the cost of Poland. She could not hope to improve her frontier http://www.shopkatespadebags.com in that way, and economically she had no need of Galicia, a province whose natural resources were undeveloped and whose salt mines Louis Vuitton Outlet Handbags did not arouse her cupidity because she had salt mines of her own. No doubt the democratic complexion of Polish institutions was Kate Spade Bags very distasteful to the conservative monarchy; Austrian statesmen did see at the time that the real danger to the principle of autocracy Louis vuitton outlet was in the West, in France, and that all the forces of Central Europe would be needed for its suppression. But the Moncler Outlet movement towards a partage on the part of Russia and Prussia was too definite to be resisted, and Austria had to follow kate spade bags their lead in the destruction of a State which she would have preferred to preserve as a possible ally against Prussian and barbour jackets Russian ambitions. It may be truly said that the destruction of Poland secured the safety of the French Revolution. For when in michael kors hamiton 1795 the crime was consummated, the Revolution had turned the corner and was in a state to defend itself against the forces wholesale nba jerseys of reaction.

In the second half of the eighteenth century there were two centres of liberal ideas on the continent of Europe: France http://www.themercyseller.com and Poland. On an impartial survey one may say without exaggeration that then France was relatively every bit as weak as Poland; Louis Vuitton Outlet Online even, perhaps, more so. But France��s geographical position made her much less vulnerable. She had no powerful neighbours on her frontier; a michael kors decayed Spain in the south and a conglomeration of small German Principalities on the east were her happy lot. The only States Louis Vuitton Handbags which dreaded the contamination of the new principles and had enough power to combat it were Prussia, Austria, and Russia, and they michael kors shoulder bags had another centre of forbidden ideas to deal with in defenceless Poland, unprotected by nature, and offering an immediate satisfaction to their Cheap Moncler Jackets cupidity. They made their choice, and the untold sufferings of a nation which would not die was the price exacted by fate barbour factory outlet store for the triumph of revolutionary ideals.

Thus even a crime may become a moral agent by the lapse of time and the course Michael Kors Handbags of history. Progress leaves its dead by the way, for progress is only a great adventure as its leaders and chiefs know Louis Vuitton Outlet very well in their hearts. It is a march into an undiscovered country; and in such an enterprise the victims do not Louis Vuitton count. As an emotional outlet for the oratory of freedom it was convenient enough to remember the Crime now and then: the cheap michael kors handbags Crime being the murder of a State and the carving of its body into three pieces. There was really nothing to do Louis Vuitton but to drop a few tears and a few flowers of rhetoric upon the grave. But the spirit of the nation refused Louis Vuitton Outlet Online to rest therein. It haunted the territories of the Old Republic in the manner of a ghost haunting its ancestral mansion where Kate Spade Outlet Online strangers are making themselves at home; a calumniated, ridiculed, and pooh-pooh��d ghost, and yet never ceasing to inspire a sort of awe, nba jerseys a strange uneasiness, in the hearts of the unlawful possessors. Poland deprived of its independence, of its historical continuity, with its religion cheap nike shoes and language persecuted and repressed, became a mere geographical expression. And even that, itself, seemed strangely vague, had lost its definite character, High Heel Shoes was rendered doubtful by the theories and the claims of the spoliators who, by a strange effect of uneasy conscience, while strenuously nike free run 2 denying the moral guilt of the transaction, were always trying to throw a veil of high rectitude over the Crime. What was http://www.thebagsstyle.com most annoying to their righteousness was the fact that the nation, stabbed to the heart, refused to grow insensible and cold. That nba jerseys online sale persistent and almost uncanny vitality was sometimes very inconvenient to the rest of Europe also. It would intrude its irresistible claim into louis vuitton handbags every problem of European politics, into the theory of European equilibrium, into the question of the Near East, the Italian question, the michael kors hamilton tote question of Schleswig-Holstein, and into the doctrine of nationalities. That ghost, not content with making its ancestral halls uncomfortable for the thieves, http://www.guccioutletpurse.com haunted also the Cabinets of Europe, waved indecently its bloodstained robes in the solemn atmosphere of Council-rooms, where congresses and conferences sit http://www.moncleroutletonlineinc.com with closed windows. It would not be exorcised by the brutal jeers of Bismarck and the fine railleries of Gorchakov.

As a Polish christian louboutin shoes friend observed to me some years ago: ��Till the year ��48 the Polish problem has been to a certain extent a convenient nike free run rallying-point for all manifestations of liberalism. Since that time we have come to be regarded simply as a nuisance. It��s very disagreeable.��

I http://www.usalouisvuittonoutlet-store.com agreed that it was, and he continued: ��What are we to do? We did not create the situation by any outside action Louis Vuitton Outlet of ours. Through all the centuries of its existence Poland has never been a menace to anybody, not even to the Turks, Michael Kors store to whom it has been merely an obstacle.��

Nothing could be more true. The spirit of aggressiveness was absolutely foreign to the Polish Nike Free temperament, to which the preservation of its institutions and its liberties was much more precious than any ideas of conquest. Polish wars Christian Louboutin Outlet Store were defensive, and they were mostly fought within Poland��s own borders. And that those territories were often invaded was but a misfortune kate spade bags arising from its geographical position. Territorial expansion was never the master-thought of Polish statesmen. The consolidation of the territories of the Serenissime new balance shoes outlet Republic, which made of it a Power of the first rank for a time, was not accomplished by force. It was not barbour.com the consequence of successful aggression, but of a long and successful defence against the raiding neighbours from the East. The lands of nike free run Lithuanian and Ruthenian speech were never conquered by Poland. These peoples were not compelled by a series of exhausting wars to seek Christian Louboutin shoes online safety in annexation. It was not the will of a prince or a political intrigue that brought about the union. Neither was kate spade it fear. The slowly-matured view of the economical and social necessities and, before all, the ripening moral sense of the masses were christian louboutin outlet the motives that induced the forty three representatives of Lithuanian and Ruthenian provinces, led by their paramount prince, to enter into a Michael Kors Outlet Handbags political combination unique in the history of the world, a spontaneous and complete union of sovereign States choosing deliberately the way of Michael Kors outlet peace. Never was strict truth better expressed in a political instrument than in the preamble of the first union Treaty (1413). It http://www.louisvuitton-bags-2014.com begins with the words: ��This union, being the outcome not of hatred, but of love�� �� words that Poles have not heard High Heels addressed to them politically by any nation for the last hundred and fifty years.

This union being an organic, living thing capable of http://www.katespadeoutletst.com growth and development was, later, modified and confirmed by two other treaties, which guaranteed to all the parties in a just and Moncler Outlet Online eternal union all their rights, liberties, and respective institutions. The Polish State offers a singular instance of an extremely liberal administrative federalism Kate Spade Outlet which, in its Parliamentary life as well as its international politics, presented a complete unity of feeling and purpose. As an eminent gucci bag French diplomatist remarked many years ago: ��It is a very remarkable fact in the history of the Polish State, this invariable and Nike LunarEclipse unanimous consent of the populations; the more so that, the King being looked upon simply as the chief of the Republic, there louis vuitton was no monarchical bond, no dynastic fidelity to control and guide the sentiment of the nations, and their union remained as a authentic michael kors handbags pure affirmation of the national will.�� The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its Ruthenian Provinces retained their statutes, their own administration, and gucci handbag their own political institutions. That those institutions in the course of time tended to assimilation with the Polish form was not the katespade.com result of any pressure, but simply of the superior character of Polish civilisation.

Even after Poland lost its independence this alliance and this Coach Outlet Online union remained firm in spirit and fidelity. All the national movements towards liberation were initiated in the name of the whole mass Louis Vuitton Sunglasses of people inhabiting the limits of the old Republic, and all the Provinces took part in them with complete devotion. It is Moncler Coats only in the last generation that efforts have been made to create a tendency towards separation, which would indeed serve no one newbalance.com but Poland��s common enemies. And, strangely enough, it is the internationalists, men who professedly care nothing for race or country, who have louis vuitton store set themselves this task of disruption, one can easily see for what sinister purpose. The ways of the internationalists may be dark, gucci purses but they are not inscrutable.

From the same source no doubt there will flow in the future a poisoned stream of hints of Michael Kors Black Friday a reconstituted Poland being a danger to the races once so closely associated within the territories of the Old Republic. The old gucci outlet partners in ��the Crime�� are not likely to forgive their victim its inconvenient and almost shocking obstinacy in keeping alive. They had Coach Outlet Online tried moral assassination before and with some small measure of success, for, indeed, the Polish question, like all living reproaches, had become gucci bags a nuisance. Given the wrong, and the apparent impossibility of righting it without running risks of a serious nature, some moral alleviation Louis Vuitton purses may be found in the belief that the victim had brought its misfortunes on its own head by its own sins. That Christian Louboutin Shoes Outlet theory, too, had been advanced about Poland (as if other nations had known nothing of sin and folly), and it made some kate spade outlet way in the world at different times, simply because good care was taken by the interested parties to stop the mouth of Michael Kors Black Friday Sale the accused. But it has never carried much conviction to honest minds. Somehow, in defiance of the cynical point of view as louboutin outlet to the Force of Lies and against all the power of falsified evidence, truth often turns out to be stronger than calumny. Moncler Outlet Store With the course of years, however, another danger sprang up, a danger arising naturally from the new political alliances dividing Europe into http://www.shopmoncleroutlet.com two armed camps. It was the danger of silence. Almost without exception the Press of Western Europe in the twentieth century refused Michael Kors Outlet Handbags to touch the Polish question in any shape or form whatever. Never was the fact of Polish vitality more embarrassing to European http://www.louisvuittonsunglassess.net diplomacy than on the eve of Poland��s resurrection.

When the war broke out there was something gruesomely comic in the proclamations of emperors Louis Vuitton Bags and archdukes appealing to that invincible soul of a nation whose existence or moral worth they had been so arrogantly denying for kate spade bags more than a century. Perhaps in the whole record of human transactions there have never been performances so brazen and so vile Michael Kors Outlet as the manifestoes of the German Emperor and the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia; and, I imagine, no more bitter insult has http://www.louisvuitton-newlv.com been offered to human heart and intelligence than the way in which those proclamations were flung into the face of historical truth. Louis Vuitton Outlet It was like a scene in a cynical and sinister farce, the absurdity of which became in some sort unfathomable by the michael kors tote reflection that nobody in the world could possibly be so abjectly stupid as to be deceived for a single moment. At that Michael Kors outlet online sale time, and for the first two months of the war, I happened to be in Poland, and I remember perfectly well that, http://www.louisvuitton-bags-2014.com when those precious documents came out, the confidence in the moral turpitude of mankind they implied did not even raise a scornful Louis Vuitton Outlet smile on the lips of men whose most sacred feelings and dignity they outraged. They did not deign to waste their contempt Christian Louboutin Shoes Outlet on them. In fact, the situation was too poignant and too involved for either hot scorn or a coldly rational discussion. For Michael Kors Purses the Poles it was like being in a burning house of which all the issues were locked. There was nothing but sheer louis vuitton anguish under the strange, as if stony, calmness which in the utter absence of all hope falls on minds that are not http://www.freerunsport.com constitutionally prone to despair. Yet in this time of dismay the irrepressible vitality of the nation would not accept a neutral attitude. http://www.shopkatespadebags.com I was told that even if there were no issue it was absolutely necessary for the Poles to affirm their national existence. http://www.katespadeplaza.com Passivity, which could be regarded as a craven acceptance of all the material and moral horrors ready to fall upon the nation, Louis Vuitton Outlet Store was not to be thought of for a moment. Therefore, it was explained to me, the Poles must act. Whether this was a counsel of wisdom or not it is very difficult to say, but there are crises of the soul which new balance factory outlet are beyond the reach of wisdom. When there is apparently no issue visible to the eyes of reason, sentiment may yet find a way out, either towards salvation or to utter perdition, no one can tell �� and the sentiment does not kate spade online sale even ask the question. Being there as a stranger in that tense atmosphere, which was yet not unfamiliar to me, I was kate spade new york not very anxious to parade my wisdom, especially after it had been pointed out in answer to my cautious arguments that, if Louis Vuitton Outlet life has its values worth fighting for, death, too, has that in it which can make it worthy or unworthy.

Out of the Moncler Outlet mental and moral trouble into which the grouping of the Powers at the beginning of war had thrown the counsels of Poland cheap new balance there emerged at last the decision that the Polish Legions, a peace organisation in Galicia directed by Pilsudski (afterwards given the rank http://www.christainloubutinshoesstore.com of General, and now apparently the Chief of the Government in Warsaw), should take the field against the Russians. In reality it michael kors outlet online sale did not matter against which partner in the ��Crime�� Polish resentment should be directed. There was little to choose between the methods katespade.com of Russian barbarism, which were both crude and rotten, and the cultivated brutality tinged with contempt of Germany��s superficial, grinding civilisation. There free run 2 was nothing to choose between them. Both were hateful, and the direction of the Polish effort was naturally governed by Austria��s tolerant Nike Outlet Online attitude, which had connived for years at the semi-secret organisation of the Polish Legions. Besides, the material possibility pointed out the way. Louis Vuitton Handbags outlet That Poland should have turned at first against the ally of Western Powers, to whose moral support she had been looking for Louis Vuitton Bags so many years, is not a greater monstrosity than that alliance with Russia which had been entered into by England and France cheap nba jerseys with rather less excuse and with a view to eventualities which could perhaps have been avoided by a firmer policy and by Michael Kors outlet store a greater resolution in the face of what plainly appeared unavoidable.

For let the truth be spoken. The action of Germany, however cruel, Christian Louboutin online store sanguinary, and faithless, was nothing in the nature of a stab in the dark. The Germanic Tribes had told the whole world http://www.louisvuittonoutletyears.com in all possible tones carrying conviction, the gently persuasive, the coldly logical; in tones Hegelian, Nietzschean, war-like, pious, cynical, inspired, what they Louis Vuitton Sunglasses were going to do to the inferior races of the earth, so full of sin and all unworthiness. But with a strange nike air max similarity to the prophets of old (who were also great moralists and invokers of might) they seemed to be crying in a Cheap Louis Vuitton desert. Whatever might have been the secret searching of hearts, the Worthless Ones would not take heed. It must also be admitted kate spade new york that the conduct of the menaced Governments carried with it no suggestion of resistance. It was no doubt, the effect of neither owner michael kors black Friday courage nor fear, but of that prudence which causes the average man to stand very still in the presence of a savage cheap new balance shoes dog. It was not a very politic attitude, and the more reprehensible in so far that it seemed to arise from the gucci handbags mistrust of their own people��s fortitude. On simple matters of life and death a people is always better than its leaders, because Cheap Louis Vuitton Bags a people cannot argue itself as a whole into a sophisticated state of mind out of deference for a mere doctrine or High Heel Shoes from an exaggerated sense of its own cleverness. I am speaking now of democracies whose chiefs resemble the tyrant of Syracuse in michael kors hamilton satchel this, that their power is unlimited (for who can limit the will of a voting people?) and who always see the domestic Louis vuitton outlet sword hanging by a hair above their heads.

Perhaps a different attitude would have checked German self-confidence, and her overgrown militarism would have kate spade new york died from the excess of its own strength. What would have been then the moral state of Europe it is difficult to Kate Spade Bags say. Some other excess would probably have taken its place, excess of theory, or excess of sentiment, or an excess of the http://www.christianlouboutinoutletwow.com sense of security leading to some other form of catastrophe; but it is certain that in that case the Polish question would High Heel Shoes not have taken a concrete form for ages. Perhaps it would never have taken form! In this world, where everything is transient, http://www.katespadeoutletst.com even the most reproachful ghosts end by vanishing out of old mansions, out of men��s consciences. Progress of enlightenment, or decay of Kate Spade Online Sale faith? In the years before the war the Polish ghost was becoming so thin that it was impossible to get for it Nike LunarGlipse the slightest mention in the papers. A young Pole coming to me from Paris was extremely indignant, but I, indulging in that christian louboutin outlet online detachment which is the product of greater age, longer experience, and a habit of meditation, refused to share that sentiment. He had Louis Vuitton Handbags outlet gone begging for a word on Poland to many influential people, and they had one and all told him that they were new balance going to do no such thing. They were all men of ideas and therefore might have been called idealists, but the notion Moncler Coats most strongly anchored in their minds was the folly of touching a question which certainly had no merit of actuality and would http://www.barbourjacket.com.co have had the appalling effect of provoking the wrath of their old enemies and at the same time offending the sensibilities of Kate Spade Handbags their new friends. It was an unanswerable argument. I couldn��t share my young friend��s surprise and indignation. My practice of reflection had http://www.shopmoncleroutlet.com also convinced me that there is nothing on earth that turns quicker on its pivot than political idealism when touched by the new balance sale breath of practical politics.

It would be good to remember that Polish independence as embodied in a Polish State is not the gift gucci outlet online of any kind of journalism, neither is it the outcome even of some particularly benevolent idea or of any clearly apprehended sense Louis Vuitton Outlet of guilt. I am speaking of what I know when I say that the original and only formative idea in Europe was http://www.christianlouboutinoutlet14.com the idea of delivering the fate of Poland into the hands of Russian Tsarism. And, let us remember, it was assumed then Louis Vuitton Sunglasses to be a victorious Tsarism at that. It was an idea talked of openly, entertained seriously, presented as a benevolence, with a christian louboutin online curious blindness to its grotesque and ghastly character. It was the idea of delivering the victim with a kindly smile and the Moncler Outlet Online confident assurance that ��it would be all right�� to a perfectly unrepentant assassin, who, after sawing furiously at its throat for a kate spade store online hundred years or so, was expected to make friends suddenly and kiss it on both cheeks in the mystic Russian fashion. It kate spade outlet online was a singularly nightmarish combination of international polity, and no whisper of any other would have been officially tolerated. Indeed, I do katespade.com not think in the whole extent of Western Europe there was anybody who had the slightest mind to whisper on that subject. http://www.chevrecakes.com Those were the days of the dark future, when Benckendorf put down his name on the Committee for the Relief of Polish christian louboutin outlet Populations driven by the Russian armies into the heart of Russia, when the Grand Duke Nicholas (the gentleman who advocated a St. Moncler Outlet Bartholomew��s Night for the suppression of Russian liberalism) was displaying his ��divine�� (I have read the very word in an English newspaper Louis Vuitton Sale of standing) strategy in the great retreat, where Mr. Iswolsky carried himself haughtily on the banks of the Seine; and it was Louis Vuitton Outlet beginning to dawn upon certain people there that he was a greater nuisance even than the Polish question.

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